通过引入代理类来给原始类附加功能

代理模式（Proxy Design Pattern） 在不改变原始类（或叫被代理类）代码的情况下，通过引入代理类来给原始类附加功能。

public interface IUserController {
  UserVo login(String telephone, String password);
  UserVo register(String telephone, String password);
}

public class UserController implements IUserController {
  //...省略其他属性和方法...

  @Override
  public UserVo login(String telephone, String password) {
    //...省略login逻辑...
    //...返回UserVo数据...
  }

  @Override
  public UserVo register(String telephone, String password) {
    //...省略register逻辑...
    //...返回UserVo数据...
  }
}

public class UserControllerProxy implements IUserController {
  private MetricsCollector metricsCollector;
  private UserController userController;

  public UserControllerProxy(UserController userController) {
    this.userController = userController;
    this.metricsCollector = new MetricsCollector();
  }

  @Override
  public UserVo login(String telephone, String password) {
    long startTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();

    // 委托
    UserVo userVo = userController.login(telephone, password);

    long endTimeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
    long responseTime = endTimeStamp - startTimestamp;
    RequestInfo requestInfo = new RequestInfo("login", responseTime, startTimestamp);
    metricsCollector.recordRequest(requestInfo);

    return userVo;
  }

  @Override
  public UserVo register(String telephone, String password) {
    long startTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();

    UserVo userVo = userController.register(telephone, password);

    long endTimeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
    long responseTime = endTimeStamp - startTimestamp;
    RequestInfo requestInfo = new RequestInfo("register", responseTime, startTimestamp);
    metricsCollector.recordRequest(requestInfo);

    return userVo;
  }
}

IUserController userController = new UserControllerProxy(new UserController());

代理类 UserControllerProxy 负责在业务代码执行前后附加其他逻辑代码，并通过委托的方式调用原始类来执行业务代码。

动态代理在运行的时候，动态地创建原始类对应的代理类

public class MetricsCollectorProxy {
  private MetricsCollector metricsCollector;

  public MetricsCollectorProxy() {
    this.metricsCollector = new MetricsCollector();
  }

  public Object createProxy(Object proxiedObject) {
    Class<?>[] interfaces = proxiedObject.getClass().getInterfaces();
    DynamicProxyHandler handler = new DynamicProxyHandler(proxiedObject);
    return Proxy.newProxyInstance(proxiedObject.getClass().getClassLoader(), interfaces, handler);
  }

  private class DynamicProxyHandler implements InvocationHandler {
    private Object proxiedObject;

    public DynamicProxyHandler(Object proxiedObject) {
      this.proxiedObject = proxiedObject;
    }

    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
      long startTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
      Object result = method.invoke(proxiedObject, args);
      long endTimeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
      long responseTime = endTimeStamp - startTimestamp;
      String apiName = proxiedObject.getClass().getName() + ":" + method.getName();
      RequestInfo requestInfo = new RequestInfo(apiName, responseTime, startTimestamp);
      metricsCollector.recordRequest(requestInfo);
      return result;
    }
  }
}

//MetricsCollectorProxy使用举例
MetricsCollectorProxy proxy = new MetricsCollectorProxy();
IUserController userController = (IUserController) proxy.createProxy(new UserController());

Spring AOP 底层的实现原理就是基于动态代理。

代理模式应用场景

业务系统的非功能性需求开发

比如：监控、统计、鉴权、限流、事务、幂等、日志。我们将这些附加功能与业务功能解耦，放到代理类中统一处理。