组合模式用于处理树形结构的数据

组合模式（Composite Design Pattern）是将一组对象组织（Compose）成树形结构，以表示一种 部分 - 整体 的层次结构。
组合让调用者可以统一单个对象和组合对象的处理逻辑。

组织结构是个典型的组合模式

public abstract class HumanResource {
  protected long id;
  protected double salary;

  public HumanResource(long id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  public long getId() {
    return id;
  }

  public abstract double calculateSalary();
}

• HumanResource 是部门类（Department）和员工类（Employee）抽象出来的父类，为的是能统一薪资的处理逻辑。

public class Employee extends HumanResource {
  public Employee(long id, double salary) {
    super(id);
    this.salary = salary;
  }

  @Override
  public double calculateSalary() {
    return salary;
  }
}

public class Department extends HumanResource {
  private List<HumanResource> subNodes = new ArrayList<>();

  public Department(long id) {
    super(id);
  }

  @Override
  public double calculateSalary() {
    double totalSalary = 0;
    for (HumanResource hr : subNodes) {
      totalSalary += hr.calculateSalary();
    }
    this.salary = totalSalary;
    return totalSalary;
  }

  public void addSubNode(HumanResource hr) {
    subNodes.add(hr);
  }
}

// 构建组织架构的代码
public class Demo {
  private static final long ORGANIZATION_ROOT_ID = 1001;
  private DepartmentRepo departmentRepo; // 依赖注入
  private EmployeeRepo employeeRepo; // 依赖注入

  public void buildOrganization() {
    Department rootDepartment = new Department(ORGANIZATION_ROOT_ID);
    buildOrganization(rootDepartment);
  }

  private void buildOrganization(Department department) {
    List<Long> subDepartmentIds = departmentRepo.getSubDepartmentIds(department.getId());
    for (Long subDepartmentId : subDepartmentIds) {
      Department subDepartment = new Department(subDepartmentId);
      department.addSubNode(subDepartment);
      buildOrganization(subDepartment);
    }
    List<Long> employeeIds = employeeRepo.getDepartmentEmployeeIds(department.getId());
    for (Long employeeId : employeeIds) {
      double salary = employeeRepo.getEmployeeSalary(employeeId);
      department.addSubNode(new Employee(employeeId, salary));
    }
  }
}

• Demo 中的代码负责从数据库中读取数据并在内存中构建组织架构图。

将一组对象（员工和部门）组织成树形结构，以表示一种‘部分 - 整体’的层次结构（部门与子部门的嵌套结构）。组合模式让客户端可以统一单个对象（员工）和组合对象（部门）的处理逻辑（递归遍历）。

组合模式的设计思路，与其说是一种设计模式，倒不如说是 对业务场景的一种数据结构和算法的抽象。其中，数据可以表示成树这种数据结构，业务需求可以通过在树上的递归遍历算法来实现。